Countries can make contract-like agreements {international agreement}, except that they can be valid if made under duress. International agreements can be treaties, conventions, acts, declarations, or protocols. First, authorized diplomats sign agreement, and then home governments ratify it.
Laws {private international law} of relations between citizens of different nations {conflict of laws}| and between aliens and states have developed.
location
Courts use laws, procedures, and remedies {law of the court} {lex fori} of location where plaintiff files action. Document interpretation uses law of place where parties executed contract {lex loci contractus}, where parties executed document {lex actus}, or where property is {lex situ}. Private international law rules can depend on domicile.
treaties
Nations have treaties about private international law. Most such laws use citizenship and nationality to determine which laws apply. Domicile rules caused USA and England not to accede to some private-international-law treaties.
International agreements can be conference agreements {act, conference}.
International agreements can be less formal {convention, law}| {pact, law}.
International agreements can be law-making agreements {declaration, law}|.
International agreements can be supplements to, or minutes of, meetings {protocol, law}|.
International agreements {treaty}| can be formal. Other states can accede to major treaties. States can accede to treaties with reservations or conditions. Parties can intend that treaties end in certain circumstances {rebus sic stantibus}.
Merchant law {commercial law}| has international acceptance. In ancient times, olive branch or peace pipe showed trader peaceful intentions. Then exchanges were at neutral trading areas. Then market districts and traders established laws. Most European commercial law depends on Roman law. In Europe, commercial law is separate from other law and uses special courts.
Maritime laws {maritime law}| have international acceptance. Anyone can arrest pirates, as offenders against international law.
Three resolutions {Uniting for Peace Resolutions} allow General Assembly to pass recommendations, by two-thirds vote, if Security Council fails to act.
6-Law-National-International Law
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Date Modified: 2022.0225